Technical Guidelines for Submission to the Journal of Rural Problems
1. Description of article structure and punctuation marks, etc.
(1) In principle, the article structure is divided in order of Section [1, 2., …], Middle Section [(1), (2), …], and Small Section [1), 2), …].
(2) Punctuation marks include commas and periods, and units are expressed as abbreviations such as %, kg, and ha.
2. Notes
Notes are to be numbered sequentially throughout the entire text and presented collectively after the main text as endnotes. The insertion points of notes in the main text are to be shown with superscript numbering like 1, 2.
3. In-text citation of literature
In-text citations should be kept to a minimum and must indicate the author’s name and year of publication. Do not include bibliographic information such as titles and URLs. Generally, literature should be cited in the relevant part of the text; however, if deemed appropriate based on the characteristics of the field or content of the research, the source may be cited within a note. Reference citations are to follow the guidelines listed below.
(1) If written at the end of a sentence, insert the author’s surname and year of publication in the Western calendar in parentheses. Separate the author’s name and the year of publication with a comma.
Japanese example) …が明らかになっている（鈴木，2011）.
English example) is revealed (Suzuki, 2011).
(2) If written in the middle of a sentence, write the author’s surname followed by the year of publication in parentheses.
Japanese example) 鈴木（2011）によると…
English example) According to Suzuki (2011), …
(3) If including two or more references at the end of a sentence, separate each reference with a semicolon (;). In such cases, list Japanese literature in Japanese syllabary order, English literature in alphabetical order, and Chinese literature in Pinyin alphabetical order. If there are two or more literature citations by the same author, separate the year of publication with a comma.
Japanese example) （佐藤，1999；鈴木，2011；Johnson, 2005；Smith, 2000）（鈴木，2009，2011）
これは鈴木（2009，2011）と同じ結果である．
English example) (Johnson, 2005; Sato, 1999; Smith, 2000; Suzuki, 2011)
(Suzuki, 2009, 2011)
These findings are consistent with Suzuki (2009, 2011).
(4) If references have two or more authors, write the surnames of both authors, and link the names with a middle dot (・) for Japanese or Chinese literature or with “and” for English literature.
If there are three or more authors, list only the surname of the first author and abbreviate the remaining surnames by writing “他” for Japanese or Chinese literature and “et al.” for English literature.
Japanese example) （鈴木・佐藤，1999）（鈴木他，2009）
鈴木・佐藤（1999）と鈴木他（2009）で示されたように…
English example) (Suzuki and Sato, 1999) (Suzuki et al., 2009)
As shown in Suzuki and Sato (1999) and Suzuki et al. (2009), ….
(5) When citing several references published in the same year by the same author, separate the citations by appending a lower-case letter (a, b, …) to each year of publication.
Japanese example)（鈴木，2000a，2000b）
鈴木（2000a，2000b）は…を提示した．
English example) (Suzuki, 2000a, 2000b)
Suzuki (2000a, 2000b) proposed ….
(6) When citing a specific location in a reference, write the page numbers of the relevant locations after the year of publication and separate them with a colon (;).
Japanese example) （鈴木・佐藤，2011：p. 10）（佐藤他，2014：pp. 32-45）
鈴木・佐藤（2011：p. 10）や佐藤他（2014：pp. 32-45）と同様に…．
English example) (Suzuki and Sato, 2011: p. 10) (Sato et al., 2014: pp. 32-45)
As with Suzuki and Sato (2011: p. 10) and Sato et al. (2014: pp. 32-45), ….
(7) When citing references that cover several years (e.g., statistical data, etc.), write both the start and end year for the year of publication.
Japanese example) （農林水産省，1995-2014a，1995-2014b）
データは農林水産省（1995-2014a，1995-2014b）から収集された．
English example) (MAFF, 1995-2014a, 1995-2014b)
Data were collected from MAFF (1995-2014a, 1995-2014b).
4. List of references
Write the list of references at the end of the manuscript (after the notes) following the methods and examples shown below. Documents used as research materials should also be included in the list of references. However, literature not mentioned in the manuscript may not be included as cited references.
(1) Notations for references
(a) Citations for Japanese papers
i) Japanese, Chinese, and Western literature (i.e., the latter being written in languages that use the Latin alphabet) are shown unaltered. Generally, the characters used in Chinese literature should be replaced with Chinese characters that can be inputted in a Japanese font, rather than using simplified or traditional Chinese characters.
ii) Foreign language literature written using other scripts should be written out using the Latin alphabet. If there is an established English translation of the title, use the unaltered English version. If there is no established English translation, write out the phonetic spelling of the title in the original language using the Latin alphabet, translate the original language into English, and add it in parentheses. In either case, specify the language of the original text in parentheses at the end.
(b) Citations for English papers
i) Use the titles of Western literature (i.e., literature written in languages that use the Latin alphabet) unaltered.
ii) Write out the titles of literature that use any other script (including Japanese and Chinese) in accordance with the methods shown in (a)ii).
(c) Other
i) Only show the page numbers of books included in the citations and references list when citing from a chapter of an edited book. When citing specific pages of a book, do not write the page numbers in the citations and references list; instead, only specify the page numbers in the in-text citations following the method shown in 3(6).
ii) Indicate the DOI when the literature is also available online.
iii) Include the names of all the authors of the literature in the list of references. Do not use “他” or “et al.” to omit second and subsequent authors.
(2) How to write the author’s name
(a) Write out the full names of authors of literature written in Japanese or Chinese.
(b) Write out the surnames and the initial/s of the first and middle names of authors of literature written in languages that use the Latin alphabet.
(c) For Japanese or Chinese literature with two or more authors, put a middle dot (・) in between the author’s names. However, if the author’s name is written in katakana, insert a middle dot (・) between the first and last name; and in the case, if the literature has two or more authors, link the names with commas even if there are authors’ names written in Chinese characters. For literature written in languages that use Latin script, write “and” between the first and last names of the authors, and if there are three or more authors, separate the names from the first author to the second-from-last author with commas and write “and” between the second-last and last author.
(3) Arranging literature in the citations and references list
(a) Citations for Japanese papers
When the list of references includes literatures that written in several different languages, group the literature by language, and write in the following order: literature written in Japanese, in the Latin alphabet, and, finally, in Chinese. Thereafter, arrange the literature for each language based on the last name of the first author. Arrange the Japanese literature in Japanese syllabary order, literature written in the Latin alphabet in alphabetical order, and Chinese literature in Pinyin alphabetical order.
(b) Citations for English papers
As all the citations and references are written out using the Latin alphabet in the list, arrange the literature by the last name of the first author, rather than grouping the literature by language.
(c) If there are several references written by the same author, arrange them in order from the oldest date of publication. When citing several references published in the same year by the same author, separate the citations by appending a lower-case letter (a, b, …) to each year of publication.
＜Examples of Japanese literature＞
・Japanese literature
Author’s name (year of publication) 「Title」『 Journal Name』 Vol. (No.): Start page– end page. DOI.
中間由紀子・内田和義(2010)「生活改善普及事業の理念と実態―山口県を事例に―」『農林業問題研究』46(1)：1-13．https://doi.org/10.7310/arfe.46.1．
孫雯莉，大石亘，ルハタイオパット・プウォンケオ，松下秀介(2016)「数理計画モデル分析における気象リスク評価方法の拡張に関する一考察―気象リスクを考慮した水稲乾田直播栽培の経営的評価を事例として―」『農林業問題研究』52(3)：136-141．https://doi.org/10.7310/arfe.52.136．
Note 1) If the paper has been accepted but the publication volume, number, and page number are unknown, write, for example, “Journal of Rural Problems (近刊 or forthcoming).”
Note 2) Indicate the DOI when the literature is also available online.
Note 3) If the author’s name is written in katakana, insert a middle dot (・) between the first and last name; if there are two or more authors, link the names with commas, even if there are authors’ names written in Chinese characters.
・Japanese books
Author or editor’s name for edited works (year of publication) 『Book title』 Name of publisher.
辻村英之(2009)『おいしいコーヒーの経済論―「キリマンジャロ」の苦い現実―』太田出版．
石田正昭編著(2008)『農村版コミュニティ・ビジネスのすすめ―地域再活性化とJAの役割―』家の光協会．
Note 1) If the name of the original author, original editor, or translator is written in katakana, follow the method shown in Note 3 of Japanese literature.
・Japanese book(translated)
Author or editor’s name for edited works (year of publication) 『Book title』(name of translator 訳) Name of publisher.
ハル・R・ヴァリアン(1986)『ミクロ経済分析』（佐藤隆三・三野和雄訳）勁草書房．
L・G・グリム，P・R・ヤーノルド編著(2016)『研究論文を読み解くための多変量解析入門＜応用篇＞―SEMから生存分析まで―』（小杉考司監訳）北大路書房．
Note 1) If the name of the original author, original editor, or translator is written in katakana, follow the method shown in Note 3 of Japanese literature.
・Chapter of Japanese book (edited)
Author’s name (year of publication) 「Chapter Title」 Editor’s name編著『 Book title』 Name of publisher: Start page–end page.
草苅仁(1985)「稲作の技術進歩と収量変動」崎浦誠治編著『経済発展と農業開発』農林統計協会：193-213．
Note 1) If the name of the author or editor is written in katakana, follow the method shown in Note 3 of Japanese literature.
・Japanese discussion paper/working paper
Author’s name (year of presentation) Title, Manuscript number, Name of city of issuing institution: Name of issuing institution, URL.
高橋宏幸(2011) 中国流通業の現況と構造：チェーン小売業・卸売業を中心に，KIER Discussion Paper No. 1103，京都：京都大学経済研究所，http://www.kier.kyoto-u.ac.jp/DPJ/DP1103.pdf．
Note 1) Indicate the URL when the paper is also available online.
Note 2) If the name of the author is written in katakana, follow the method shown in Note 3 of Japanese literature.
Note 3) Write out the name of the city wherein the issuing institution is based.
・Japanese information posted on the internet
Author’s name (year of publication) 「Title」, URL (年月日参照or access date).
林水産省(2018)「平成29年度食料・農業・農村白書全文」，http://www.maff.go.jp/j/wpaper/w_maff/h29/zenbun.html (2018年8月9日参照)．
Note 1) If the year of publication is unknown, it is acceptable to write the year the information was accessed.
Note 2) If the name of the author is written in katakana, follow the method shown in Note 3 of Japanese literature.
Note 3) The URL and access date must not be omitted when citing information that was posted on the internet.
＜Examples of English literature＞
・English literature
Author (Year) Article Title, Journal Title volume(issue): First page-Final page. DOI.
Hayami, Y., M. Kikuchi, and E. B. Marciano (1999) Middlemen and Peasants in Rice Marketing in the Philippines, Agricultural Economics 20(2): 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5150(98)00082-6.
Wolf, C. A. and N. J. Widmar (2015) Can Insurance Provide the US Dairy Farm Safety Net? Agricultural and Food Economics 3(14): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-015-0031-8.
Nakama, Y. and K. Uchida (2010) Ideas and Actual Conditions of Promotion Services for Home Living Improvement: A Case Study on Yamaguchi Prefecture, Journal of Rural Problems 46(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.7310/arfe.46.1 (in Japanese).
Note 1) If the paper has been accepted but the publication volume, number, and page number are unknown, write, for example, “Journal of Rural Problems (forthcoming).”
Note 2) Indicate the DOI when the literature is also available online.
Note 3) For articles published in online journals that lack printed versions and individual issue and page numbers are allocated for each paper, use the following guideline: publication volume (issue number) (e.g., “3(14)”). Using the example of Wolf and Widmar (2015), write the start page and end page (“1–13”) and always indicate the DOI (in this case, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-015-0031-8).
Note 4) When citing literature where the main text is written in a language other than English, specify by writing “(in Japanese),” for example, at the end of the citation.
・English books
Author or Editor, ed. (Year) Book Title, City Name: Publisher.
Stern, N. (2007) The Economics of Climate Change : The Stern Review, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gardner, B. L. and G. C. Rausser, eds. (2002) Handbook of Agricultural Economics, Volume 2A: Agriculture and Its External Linkages, Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Note 1) Add “ed.” at the end of the editor’s name for single-edited work and “eds.” for co-edited works.
Note 2) Write out the name of the city where the publisher is located.
・Chapter of English book (edited)
Author (Year) Chapter Title, in Editor, ed., Book Title, City Name: Publisher, First page-Final page.
Stiglitz, J. E. (1989) Rational Peasants, Efficient Institutions, and a Theory of Rural Organization: Methodological Remarks for Development Economics, in P. Bardhan, ed., The Economic Theory of Agrarian Institutions, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 18-29.
Note 1) Add “ed.” at the end of the editor’s name for single-edited work and “eds.” for co-edited works.
Note 2) Write out the name of the city where the publisher is located.
・English discussion/working paper
Author (Year) Manuscript Title, Manuscript Number, City Name: Publisher. URL.
Lentz, E. C. and C. B. Barrett (2013) The Economics and Nutritional Impacts of Food Assistance Policies and Programs, ESA Working Paper No. 13-04, Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/esa/Papers_and_documents/WP_13-04_Lentz_Barrett.pdf.
Note 1) Indicate the URL when the paper is also available online.
Note 2) Write out the name of the city wherein the issuing institution is based.
・English information posted on the internet
Author (Year) Webpage Title, URL (accessed on Month Day, Year).
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF) (2017) Summary of the Annual Report on Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas in Japan (FY 2016), http://www.maff.go.jp/e/data/publish/attach/pdf/index-57.pdf (accessed on August 9, 2018).
Note 1) If the year of publication is unknown, it is acceptable to write the year the information was accessed.
Note 2) The URL and access date must not be omitted when citing information that was posted on the internet.
＜Examples of literature where the year of publication ranges across several years (statistical documentation, etc.)＞
・Japanese literature
Author’s name or editor’s name for edited works (start year–end year) 『Book title』 Name of publisher.
農林水産省編著(1995-2014a)『平成 5～24 年産工芸作物等の生産費』農林統計協会．
農林水産省編著(1995-2014b)『平成 5～24 年産米及び麦類の生産費』農林統計協会．
・English literature
Author or Editor, ed. (First year-Final year) Book Title, City Name: Publisher.
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF), ed. (1995-2014a) Production Cost of Industrial Crops (1993-2012), Tokyo: Association of Agriculture and Forestry Statistics (in Japanese).
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF), ed. (1995-2014b) Production Cost of Rice, Wheat and Barley (1993-2012), Tokyo: Association of Agriculture and Forestry Statistics (in Japanese).
＜Examples of English literature where an organization is the author or editor＞
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2008) Multifunctionality in Agriculture: Evaluating the Degree of Jointness, Policy Implications, Paris: OECD.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2018) FAOSTAT: Crops, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (accessed on August 28, 2018).
Note 1) English literature wherein an organization is the author or editor may be cited using the name of the organization, such as “OECD (2008)” and “(FAO, 2018)” for in-text citations. However, the formal name of the organization must be written in the list of citations, so also indicate the abbreviated name in parentheses.
＜Example of using the Latin alphabet to write the title of a paper with no established English translation＞
Asami, A. (2015) Nouson no Shinseido Keizaigaku: Ajia to Nippon (New Institutional Economics of Rural Economy: In Asia and Japan), Tokyo: Nippon Hyoron Sha (in Japanese).
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF) (2016) Heisei 28 Nendo Keiei Shotoku Antei Taisaku Tou no Gaiyou (Summary of Farming Income Stabilization Measures in 2016), http://www.maff.go.jp/j/kobetu_ninaite/keiei/pdf/28pamph_all.pdf (accessed on August 28, 2018) (in Japanese).
Note 1) When citing literature with no established English translation, write out the phonetic spelling of the title in the original language using the Latin alphabet, translate the original language into English, and add the translation in parentheses. In either case, specify the language of the original literature in parentheses at the end.
(Revised on 14 May 2014)
(Revised on 30 October 2015)
(Revised on 12 September 2018)
(1) In principle, the article structure is divided in order of Section [1, 2., …], Middle Section [(1), (2), …], and Small Section [1), 2), …].
(2) Punctuation marks include commas and periods, and units are expressed as abbreviations such as %, kg, and ha.
2. Notes
Notes are to be numbered sequentially throughout the entire text and presented collectively after the main text as endnotes. The insertion points of notes in the main text are to be shown with superscript numbering like 1, 2.
3. In-text citation of literature
In-text citations should be kept to a minimum and must indicate the author’s name and year of publication. Do not include bibliographic information such as titles and URLs. Generally, literature should be cited in the relevant part of the text; however, if deemed appropriate based on the characteristics of the field or content of the research, the source may be cited within a note. Reference citations are to follow the guidelines listed below.
(1) If written at the end of a sentence, insert the author’s surname and year of publication in the Western calendar in parentheses. Separate the author’s name and the year of publication with a comma.
Japanese example) …が明らかになっている（鈴木，2011）.
English example) is revealed (Suzuki, 2011).
(2) If written in the middle of a sentence, write the author’s surname followed by the year of publication in parentheses.
Japanese example) 鈴木（2011）によると…
English example) According to Suzuki (2011), …
(3) If including two or more references at the end of a sentence, separate each reference with a semicolon (;). In such cases, list Japanese literature in Japanese syllabary order, English literature in alphabetical order, and Chinese literature in Pinyin alphabetical order. If there are two or more literature citations by the same author, separate the year of publication with a comma.
Japanese example) （佐藤，1999；鈴木，2011；Johnson, 2005；Smith, 2000）（鈴木，2009，2011）
これは鈴木（2009，2011）と同じ結果である．
English example) (Johnson, 2005; Sato, 1999; Smith, 2000; Suzuki, 2011)
(Suzuki, 2009, 2011)
These findings are consistent with Suzuki (2009, 2011).
(4) If references have two or more authors, write the surnames of both authors, and link the names with a middle dot (・) for Japanese or Chinese literature or with “and” for English literature.
If there are three or more authors, list only the surname of the first author and abbreviate the remaining surnames by writing “他” for Japanese or Chinese literature and “et al.” for English literature.
Japanese example) （鈴木・佐藤，1999）（鈴木他，2009）
鈴木・佐藤（1999）と鈴木他（2009）で示されたように…
English example) (Suzuki and Sato, 1999) (Suzuki et al., 2009)
As shown in Suzuki and Sato (1999) and Suzuki et al. (2009), ….
(5) When citing several references published in the same year by the same author, separate the citations by appending a lower-case letter (a, b, …) to each year of publication.
Japanese example)（鈴木，2000a，2000b）
鈴木（2000a，2000b）は…を提示した．
English example) (Suzuki, 2000a, 2000b)
Suzuki (2000a, 2000b) proposed ….
(6) When citing a specific location in a reference, write the page numbers of the relevant locations after the year of publication and separate them with a colon (;).
Japanese example) （鈴木・佐藤，2011：p. 10）（佐藤他，2014：pp. 32-45）
鈴木・佐藤（2011：p. 10）や佐藤他（2014：pp. 32-45）と同様に…．
English example) (Suzuki and Sato, 2011: p. 10) (Sato et al., 2014: pp. 32-45)
As with Suzuki and Sato (2011: p. 10) and Sato et al. (2014: pp. 32-45), ….
(7) When citing references that cover several years (e.g., statistical data, etc.), write both the start and end year for the year of publication.
Japanese example) （農林水産省，1995-2014a，1995-2014b）
データは農林水産省（1995-2014a，1995-2014b）から収集された．
English example) (MAFF, 1995-2014a, 1995-2014b)
Data were collected from MAFF (1995-2014a, 1995-2014b).
4. List of references
Write the list of references at the end of the manuscript (after the notes) following the methods and examples shown below. Documents used as research materials should also be included in the list of references. However, literature not mentioned in the manuscript may not be included as cited references.
(1) Notations for references
(a) Citations for Japanese papers
i) Japanese, Chinese, and Western literature (i.e., the latter being written in languages that use the Latin alphabet) are shown unaltered. Generally, the characters used in Chinese literature should be replaced with Chinese characters that can be inputted in a Japanese font, rather than using simplified or traditional Chinese characters.
ii) Foreign language literature written using other scripts should be written out using the Latin alphabet. If there is an established English translation of the title, use the unaltered English version. If there is no established English translation, write out the phonetic spelling of the title in the original language using the Latin alphabet, translate the original language into English, and add it in parentheses. In either case, specify the language of the original text in parentheses at the end.
(b) Citations for English papers
i) Use the titles of Western literature (i.e., literature written in languages that use the Latin alphabet) unaltered.
ii) Write out the titles of literature that use any other script (including Japanese and Chinese) in accordance with the methods shown in (a)ii).
(c) Other
i) Only show the page numbers of books included in the citations and references list when citing from a chapter of an edited book. When citing specific pages of a book, do not write the page numbers in the citations and references list; instead, only specify the page numbers in the in-text citations following the method shown in 3(6).
ii) Indicate the DOI when the literature is also available online.
iii) Include the names of all the authors of the literature in the list of references. Do not use “他” or “et al.” to omit second and subsequent authors.
(2) How to write the author’s name
(a) Write out the full names of authors of literature written in Japanese or Chinese.
(b) Write out the surnames and the initial/s of the first and middle names of authors of literature written in languages that use the Latin alphabet.
(c) For Japanese or Chinese literature with two or more authors, put a middle dot (・) in between the author’s names. However, if the author’s name is written in katakana, insert a middle dot (・) between the first and last name; and in the case, if the literature has two or more authors, link the names with commas even if there are authors’ names written in Chinese characters. For literature written in languages that use Latin script, write “and” between the first and last names of the authors, and if there are three or more authors, separate the names from the first author to the second-from-last author with commas and write “and” between the second-last and last author.
(3) Arranging literature in the citations and references list
(a) Citations for Japanese papers
When the list of references includes literatures that written in several different languages, group the literature by language, and write in the following order: literature written in Japanese, in the Latin alphabet, and, finally, in Chinese. Thereafter, arrange the literature for each language based on the last name of the first author. Arrange the Japanese literature in Japanese syllabary order, literature written in the Latin alphabet in alphabetical order, and Chinese literature in Pinyin alphabetical order.
(b) Citations for English papers
As all the citations and references are written out using the Latin alphabet in the list, arrange the literature by the last name of the first author, rather than grouping the literature by language.
(c) If there are several references written by the same author, arrange them in order from the oldest date of publication. When citing several references published in the same year by the same author, separate the citations by appending a lower-case letter (a, b, …) to each year of publication.
＜Examples of Japanese literature＞
・Japanese literature
Author’s name (year of publication) 「Title」『 Journal Name』 Vol. (No.): Start page– end page. DOI.
中間由紀子・内田和義(2010)「生活改善普及事業の理念と実態―山口県を事例に―」『農林業問題研究』46(1)：1-13．https://doi.org/10.7310/arfe.46.1．
孫雯莉，大石亘，ルハタイオパット・プウォンケオ，松下秀介(2016)「数理計画モデル分析における気象リスク評価方法の拡張に関する一考察―気象リスクを考慮した水稲乾田直播栽培の経営的評価を事例として―」『農林業問題研究』52(3)：136-141．https://doi.org/10.7310/arfe.52.136．
Note 1) If the paper has been accepted but the publication volume, number, and page number are unknown, write, for example, “Journal of Rural Problems (近刊 or forthcoming).”
Note 2) Indicate the DOI when the literature is also available online.
Note 3) If the author’s name is written in katakana, insert a middle dot (・) between the first and last name; if there are two or more authors, link the names with commas, even if there are authors’ names written in Chinese characters.
・Japanese books
Author or editor’s name for edited works (year of publication) 『Book title』 Name of publisher.
辻村英之(2009)『おいしいコーヒーの経済論―「キリマンジャロ」の苦い現実―』太田出版．
石田正昭編著(2008)『農村版コミュニティ・ビジネスのすすめ―地域再活性化とJAの役割―』家の光協会．
Note 1) If the name of the original author, original editor, or translator is written in katakana, follow the method shown in Note 3 of Japanese literature.
・Japanese book(translated)
Author or editor’s name for edited works (year of publication) 『Book title』(name of translator 訳) Name of publisher.
ハル・R・ヴァリアン(1986)『ミクロ経済分析』（佐藤隆三・三野和雄訳）勁草書房．
L・G・グリム，P・R・ヤーノルド編著(2016)『研究論文を読み解くための多変量解析入門＜応用篇＞―SEMから生存分析まで―』（小杉考司監訳）北大路書房．
Note 1) If the name of the original author, original editor, or translator is written in katakana, follow the method shown in Note 3 of Japanese literature.
・Chapter of Japanese book (edited)
Author’s name (year of publication) 「Chapter Title」 Editor’s name編著『 Book title』 Name of publisher: Start page–end page.
草苅仁(1985)「稲作の技術進歩と収量変動」崎浦誠治編著『経済発展と農業開発』農林統計協会：193-213．
Note 1) If the name of the author or editor is written in katakana, follow the method shown in Note 3 of Japanese literature.
・Japanese discussion paper/working paper
Author’s name (year of presentation) Title, Manuscript number, Name of city of issuing institution: Name of issuing institution, URL.
高橋宏幸(2011) 中国流通業の現況と構造：チェーン小売業・卸売業を中心に，KIER Discussion Paper No. 1103，京都：京都大学経済研究所，http://www.kier.kyoto-u.ac.jp/DPJ/DP1103.pdf．
Note 1) Indicate the URL when the paper is also available online.
Note 2) If the name of the author is written in katakana, follow the method shown in Note 3 of Japanese literature.
Note 3) Write out the name of the city wherein the issuing institution is based.
・Japanese information posted on the internet
Author’s name (year of publication) 「Title」, URL (年月日参照or access date).
林水産省(2018)「平成29年度食料・農業・農村白書全文」，http://www.maff.go.jp/j/wpaper/w_maff/h29/zenbun.html (2018年8月9日参照)．
Note 1) If the year of publication is unknown, it is acceptable to write the year the information was accessed.
Note 2) If the name of the author is written in katakana, follow the method shown in Note 3 of Japanese literature.
Note 3) The URL and access date must not be omitted when citing information that was posted on the internet.
＜Examples of English literature＞
・English literature
Author (Year) Article Title, Journal Title volume(issue): First page-Final page. DOI.
Hayami, Y., M. Kikuchi, and E. B. Marciano (1999) Middlemen and Peasants in Rice Marketing in the Philippines, Agricultural Economics 20(2): 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5150(98)00082-6.
Wolf, C. A. and N. J. Widmar (2015) Can Insurance Provide the US Dairy Farm Safety Net? Agricultural and Food Economics 3(14): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-015-0031-8.
Nakama, Y. and K. Uchida (2010) Ideas and Actual Conditions of Promotion Services for Home Living Improvement: A Case Study on Yamaguchi Prefecture, Journal of Rural Problems 46(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.7310/arfe.46.1 (in Japanese).
Note 1) If the paper has been accepted but the publication volume, number, and page number are unknown, write, for example, “Journal of Rural Problems (forthcoming).”
Note 2) Indicate the DOI when the literature is also available online.
Note 3) For articles published in online journals that lack printed versions and individual issue and page numbers are allocated for each paper, use the following guideline: publication volume (issue number) (e.g., “3(14)”). Using the example of Wolf and Widmar (2015), write the start page and end page (“1–13”) and always indicate the DOI (in this case, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-015-0031-8).
Note 4) When citing literature where the main text is written in a language other than English, specify by writing “(in Japanese),” for example, at the end of the citation.
・English books
Author or Editor, ed. (Year) Book Title, City Name: Publisher.
Stern, N. (2007) The Economics of Climate Change : The Stern Review, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gardner, B. L. and G. C. Rausser, eds. (2002) Handbook of Agricultural Economics, Volume 2A: Agriculture and Its External Linkages, Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Note 1) Add “ed.” at the end of the editor’s name for single-edited work and “eds.” for co-edited works.
Note 2) Write out the name of the city where the publisher is located.
・Chapter of English book (edited)
Author (Year) Chapter Title, in Editor, ed., Book Title, City Name: Publisher, First page-Final page.
Stiglitz, J. E. (1989) Rational Peasants, Efficient Institutions, and a Theory of Rural Organization: Methodological Remarks for Development Economics, in P. Bardhan, ed., The Economic Theory of Agrarian Institutions, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 18-29.
Note 1) Add “ed.” at the end of the editor’s name for single-edited work and “eds.” for co-edited works.
Note 2) Write out the name of the city where the publisher is located.
・English discussion/working paper
Author (Year) Manuscript Title, Manuscript Number, City Name: Publisher. URL.
Lentz, E. C. and C. B. Barrett (2013) The Economics and Nutritional Impacts of Food Assistance Policies and Programs, ESA Working Paper No. 13-04, Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/esa/Papers_and_documents/WP_13-04_Lentz_Barrett.pdf.
Note 1) Indicate the URL when the paper is also available online.
Note 2) Write out the name of the city wherein the issuing institution is based.
・English information posted on the internet
Author (Year) Webpage Title, URL (accessed on Month Day, Year).
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF) (2017) Summary of the Annual Report on Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas in Japan (FY 2016), http://www.maff.go.jp/e/data/publish/attach/pdf/index-57.pdf (accessed on August 9, 2018).
Note 1) If the year of publication is unknown, it is acceptable to write the year the information was accessed.
Note 2) The URL and access date must not be omitted when citing information that was posted on the internet.
＜Examples of literature where the year of publication ranges across several years (statistical documentation, etc.)＞
・Japanese literature
Author’s name or editor’s name for edited works (start year–end year) 『Book title』 Name of publisher.
農林水産省編著(1995-2014a)『平成 5～24 年産工芸作物等の生産費』農林統計協会．
農林水産省編著(1995-2014b)『平成 5～24 年産米及び麦類の生産費』農林統計協会．
・English literature
Author or Editor, ed. (First year-Final year) Book Title, City Name: Publisher.
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF), ed. (1995-2014a) Production Cost of Industrial Crops (1993-2012), Tokyo: Association of Agriculture and Forestry Statistics (in Japanese).
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF), ed. (1995-2014b) Production Cost of Rice, Wheat and Barley (1993-2012), Tokyo: Association of Agriculture and Forestry Statistics (in Japanese).
＜Examples of English literature where an organization is the author or editor＞
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2008) Multifunctionality in Agriculture: Evaluating the Degree of Jointness, Policy Implications, Paris: OECD.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2018) FAOSTAT: Crops, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (accessed on August 28, 2018).
Note 1) English literature wherein an organization is the author or editor may be cited using the name of the organization, such as “OECD (2008)” and “(FAO, 2018)” for in-text citations. However, the formal name of the organization must be written in the list of citations, so also indicate the abbreviated name in parentheses.
＜Example of using the Latin alphabet to write the title of a paper with no established English translation＞
Asami, A. (2015) Nouson no Shinseido Keizaigaku: Ajia to Nippon (New Institutional Economics of Rural Economy: In Asia and Japan), Tokyo: Nippon Hyoron Sha (in Japanese).
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF) (2016) Heisei 28 Nendo Keiei Shotoku Antei Taisaku Tou no Gaiyou (Summary of Farming Income Stabilization Measures in 2016), http://www.maff.go.jp/j/kobetu_ninaite/keiei/pdf/28pamph_all.pdf (accessed on August 28, 2018) (in Japanese).
Note 1) When citing literature with no established English translation, write out the phonetic spelling of the title in the original language using the Latin alphabet, translate the original language into English, and add the translation in parentheses. In either case, specify the language of the original literature in parentheses at the end.
(Revised on 14 May 2014)
(Revised on 30 October 2015)
(Revised on 12 September 2018)